Broaching machine



Feb. 24; 1942. V E. WIEDMANN 2,274,226

1 BROACHING MACHINE Filed June 10, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. 2 ERNST WI ED MANN BY r' A TTORNEY.

7 tool is retracted.

of liquid to the secondmotor.

Patented Feb 24, 1942 1 UNITED STAT Es} PATENT OFFICE BROACHING MACHINE Ernst Wiedmann, Milwaukee; Wis., ,assignor to f T-he Oilgear Company, Milwaukee, 'Wis., a corporation-of Wisconsin Application June 1c, 1938, Serial No. 212,883

' 5 Claims,

This invention-relates to hydraulically operatedmachine tools ofthe type having two or more carriages or slides which must be operated in a'predetermined, sequence, such asa surface 4,

broaching machine in which a workslide and a tool'slide must be reciprocated alternately in order thatthework may bemdved into position to be broached before the tool 'isfadvanced and the tool before the movedoutof the path of n The primaryobject of the present invention is toprovide a machine'of the above character in which sequential operation of two or more hydraulio motors is obtained Without an appreciable' loss of power and in which the first motor is able to exert a considerable force before the second motor is operated.

. Other objects and advantages will appear from the description hereinafter given of a breaching machine in which the invention is embodied.

According to the invention in its principal aspect and as ordinarily embodied in practice, I

two slides of a machine are operated by two hydraulic motors which'are connected to a pump in parallel-with each other, the second of these fixture (not shown) fastened to a work carriage by the side members of frame I.

Slide 10 has its lower end connected by a rod H to a piston l2 fitted in a cylinder 13 which is'fastened to across member l4of frame I. Piston l2 and cylinder l3 constitute a hydraulic motors is connected tothe pump through asequence valve which remains closed until after thefirst motor hasexertedia force great enough to cause pump jpressure' to'prise' sufiiciently to 'openrthe sequence valve, and then liquid passing through the sequence valve energizes a servomotor for reciprocating slide ID to enable a broaching tool carried thereby to operate upon work carriedby 'slide 4. J

Liquid for operating motors 6--l and I2I3 is supplied by a reversible pump l5'which is mounted upon a stationary reservoir 16 and driven by an electric motor IL- While any suitablep'ump will suflice, pump l5 has "been shown as being of'the'rolling piston .typ'e which'i's fully illustrated and described in 2' Patent 2,074,'068.' It is'deemed sufficient to state hereinthat purnp 15 has its cylinders arranged qradially in cylinder barrel 20 which is jourmotor which opens the sequence valve wide enough to prevent it-from throttlingthe flow The invention is exemplified by. the breaching machine shown somewhat jschematicallyin the accompanying drawingsin which the views are as follows:

naled upon, a stationary valve shaft or pintle 2| having ports and passages formed therein through which liquid flows to and from the cylinders, that the outer ,ends of'the pistons react against the annular inner surface of a w ig, 1 is in part a side view and in' part a sectional elevation of the machine. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan -view taken on the 'line 2-40: Fig.1.

Fig. 3" is a diagram of the hydraulic circuit and shows the several'parts in the positions occupied whenthe machine is idle. g

Figs. 4*and5 aresectional views showing the reaction memberca'rr'ied by a thrust member or slideblock'22, that no liquid will be discharged =by"pu'mp l5 when slide block 22 is in its central or neutral position at which time its axis coincides with the axis of cylinder barrel 20, and

v that pump l5. will deliver liquid in a direction and at a rate dependent upon the direction and reversing valve with its valve element in positions different from-thatshown' in Fig. 3;

Themachine chosen for illustration has-its 1 v is discharged therefrom at rates which are almechanism carried by a framefll which is ar-.

ranged upon a base 2 and provided at its front with a knee 3,

The work to be operated upon s clamped in I distance slide block 22 is shifted from its neutral position. As shown, pump-1 5 is adapted to deliver liquid into one a'ndhaveliquid returned to it through the other of two channels 23 and24 which-are connected to pintle 2| in communica- Figfifi isa view showing'on'e of the sequence 171011 with the p s formed therein.

valves open.

Since =motors-6-'-l--and l2l 3' are of the differential type so that, when operating, liquid way s, feither in excess of -or less than the rate required to supply pump 1 [5 with liquid, channels 23 and 24 are connectedto reservoir. l6 through move slide '4 toward and l3.

The movement of piston limited by a collar 36 fixed on a stop rod 31 which a diiferential valve 25 which shifts automatically to connect the intake side of the pump to reservoir l6 in eitherdirection of pump delivery as explained inPatent 1,558,002.

Valve 25 is connected to reservoir I6 through a checkvalve 26and a resistance valve 21 which are connected in parallel with each other. Check valve 26 permits pump l5 to draw liquid freely from reservoir I6 but prevents liquid from being discharged into reservoir l6 except through resistance valve 26 which offers a low resistance to the flow of liquid therethrough to thereby cause the pump |5 to be supercharged.

When slide block 22 is shifted toward the right from its neutral position, pump |5 will discharge liquid into channel 24, liquid ,will be returned to it through channel 23, and valve 25 will be in the position shown so that liquid discharged from cylinders 6 and |3 in excess of the volume required to fill the pump cylinders may flow through the casing of valve 25 and through resistance valve 21 into reservoir l6.

When slide block 22 is shifted toward the left from its neutral position, pump |5 will discharge liquid into channel 23, liquid will be returned to it through channel 24, and valve 25 will be shifted by pump pressur to the other end-of its casing so that pump l5 may draw liquid from reservoir l6 through check valve 26and the casing of valve 25 to make up for the deficiency of liquid expelled from cylinders 6 Slide block 22 is at all times urged toward the left by liquid acting upon a piston 39 which is connected to or in engagement with slide block 22 and is fittedin a stationary cylinder 3| carried by the casing of pump l5.

An adjusting screw 32 is threaded through the head of cylinder 3| to limit the movement of piston 30 and slide block 22- toward the right. Turning screw 32 will adjust the rate-at which the pump l5 will discharge liquid into channel 24.

Slide block 22 is adapted to be moved toward the rightby liquid acting upon a piston 33, which engages slide block 22 and is fitted in a stationary cylinder 34- carried by the pump casing, and by liquid acting upona piston 35 which is fittedin cylinder 34 and adapted to engage the outer face of piston 33.

35'toward the right is extends loosely through pistons 33 and 35 and through the head of cylinder 34. The inner end of rod31 is adapted to engage slide block 22 and the outer end of rod 31 is provided with a nut 38 which isadjusted to so position collar 36 that piston 35 when energized will move slide block 22 exactly toits neutral position.

The outer end'of rod 31 is adapted to engage an adjusting screw 39 which is threaded through a cap 48 fixed to the head of cylinder 34. Turning screw 39 adjusts the distance that rod 31 and slide block 22 may be moved toward the left and thereby determines the rate at which pump l5 will deliver liquid into channel 23.

Pistons 33 and 35 are larger than piston 39 so that slide block 22 will be moved toward the right when liquid is simultaneously supplied to both of cylinders 3| and 34 at the same pressure.

Liquid for operating pistons 33 and 35 is supplied by a gear pump 4| which is ordinarily and discharges it into a branched supply channel 42 at a rate in excess of requirements, the excess Supply channel 42 has one of its .branches connected to the outer end of cylinder 3| so that piston is constantly urged toward the left by a constant force which is proportional to gear pump pressure.

The delivery of liquid from gear pump 4| to cylinder 34 is under the control of a reversing valve 41which is fitted in a valve casing 48 and controls communication between four ports 49, 59, 5| and 52 formed in valve casing 48.

Port 49 has the other branch of supply pipe 42 connected thereto. Port 50 is connected by a channel 53 to cylinder 34 at or near the outer end thereof. Port 5| is connected by a channel 54 to cylinder 34 at a point between pistons 33 and 35. Port 52 is connected to a drain channel 55 which discharges into reservoir l6.

When valve 41 is in its central position as shown in Fig. 3, pressure extends from channel 42 through valve casing 48 and channel 53 to the left end of cylinder 34 and holds piston driven in unison with pump l5 and arranged in the casing thereofaccording to the usual practice. Gear pump 4| draws liquid from reservoir [6 against collar 36 on stop rod, 31, and the space between pistons 33 and 35 communicates through channel 54 and valve casing 58 with drain channel 55 so that the pressure in cylinder 3| will cause piston 39 to hold slide block 22 against piston 33 and piston 33 against piston 35 in which position of slide block 22 pump I5 is at zero stroke and no liquid will be delivered thereby.

When valve 41 is shifted toward the right to the position shownin Fig. 4, port 49 is blocked and channels 53 and 54 are open to drain channel 55 so that liquid supplied by gear pump 4| to cylinder 3| can cause piston 30 to move slide block 22' toward the left until rod 31 abuts adjusting screw 39 at which time pump |5 will discharge liquid into channel..23 at a rate determined by the adjustment of screw 39.

When valve 41 is shifted toward the left to the position shown in Fig. 5, port 52 is blocked and channels 53 and 54 are open to port 49 so that liquid from gear pump 4| can flow through channel 42, valve casing 48 and channels 53 and 54,

to cylinder 34 and cause pistons 33 and 35 to move slide block 22 toward the right'until piston 30 abuts adjusting screw 32 at which time pump |5 will discharge liquid into channel 24 at a rate determined by the adjustment of screw 32.

Valve 41 is normally held in its central position by two springs 69 and Blarranged, respectively, in two chambers 62 and 63 which are formed in opposite ends of valve casing 48 and connected to drain channel 55.

Valve 41 is adapted to be shifted in one direction or the other by one or the other of two solenoids 64 and 65 the cores of which are connected. respectively, to valve stems 66 and61 which are fixed to opposite ends of valve 41 and extend outward through chambers 62 and 63.

Solenoids 64 and 65 may be controlled in any suitable manner. For the purpose of illustration, they have been shown as being connected to a control panel 68 by suitable conductors arranged in cables Hand 10. Panel 68 may be arranged in any convenient position, connected by conductors 1| and 12 to a power line 13, con-'- ranged in a cable 15, and connected to two i I As best shown in Fig. 6, sequence tween counterbores SI and 92.

cam 83 on slide 9 will operate switch 18 when' slide 9 reaches the end of its upstroke and a cam 84 on slide 9 will operateswitch II when slide'9 reaches the end of its down stroke.

The arrangement is suchthat, when push button 89 is pressed, solenoid 65 will be energized and shift valve 41 toward the rightto the position shown in Fig. 4 so that slide block 22 will be moved to the left and cause pump I to'discharge into channel 23, thereby causing slide 9 to descend as will presently appear.

When slide 9 reaches the "end of "its down stroke and operates limitswitch'l'l or when push button 'BI is pressed, so1enoid34 will be'energized and shift valve 41 toward the left to the position shown in Fig. 5 so that slide block 22 will be moved toward the right and cause pump I5 to discharge into channel 24, thereby causing slide 9-to ,be moved upward as will presently appear. I V

When slide 9 reaches the end of its up stroke and operates limit switch I6 or when push button 82 is pressed, both solenoids will, be deenergized and springs 89 and. BI will move valve 41 to its'central position as shown in Fig. 3 so that slide block 22 will be movedto its neutral position and pump I 5 will cease to deliver liquid,

thereby causing the machine to come to rest.

In orderthat motor 6 -1 may move ;work slide 4 before motor I2-I3 moves tool slide 9, -channels 23 and 24 are connected directly to opposite ends of cylinder 6,;a sequence valve 88 is con- 'nected between channel 23 and-theupper endof sure therein becomes high enough to overcome I the resistance of thespring, and a'servo-motor whichi's controlled by the valve and functions to fully open the valve after the valve has been slightly opened by the pressure at the inlet. In

. practice, the valve and the servo-motor are combined into a'single unit in order to simplify the construction thereof.

valveunit 88 has its mechanism arranged within a casing'89 side wall and an inlet 94 formed in its end wall in alinement with bore 99.

An annular valve seat 95 is formed around in let 94 and normally engaged by, one end of a valve member 96 which is vfitted in bore 99 and ,has a small longitudinal groove 91 formed in its peripheral surface to provide communication be- The other end of valve member 96 is fixed to a piston 98 which is fitted in counterbore 92 and forms therewith a servo -motor for holding valve outlet connected by a channel I member 96 away from valve seat against the resistance of a spring 99 which continuously,

urges valve member 96 toward valve seat 95 andis arranged in counterbore 92 between piston 99 and the end wall of casing 89.

Since sequence valve unit 88 is exactly the same as unit 88 except for such variations in the sizes or proportions of its parts as may be necessary or desirable to obtain efficient andeconomical operation of the machine, no description thereof willbe given and corresponding parts of the two unitshave been indicated by. corresponding reference numeralswith theexponent a added to the 'numerals'applied to unit 89'. In order that the movement of pistons 98 and 98 may not be hampered by entrapped liquid or gas, the head ends of counterbores 92 and 92' are connected to drain channe155.

Sequence valve 88 has its in1et94 connected to channel 23 by a channel I95 and its outlet 93- connected to the'upper end of cylinder I3 by a'channel I98 so that liquid cannot flow from. channel 23 to cylinder I3except through valve 88. In order that liquid may be returned from the upper end of cylinder I3 to pump I5 when piston I2 is moved upward, a check valve I91 has its inlet connectedto channel I98 and itsjoutlet connected by a channel I98 to channel I95.

p In order to prevent slide 9 from descending when the machine is idle, a check valve H4 is arranged in channel H9 and has an oppositely Sequence valve 89 has its inlet 94 connected I2 to channel opening resistance valve II5 connected inparof liquid therethrough to prevent slide 9 from descending when the machine is idle.

Operation Assuming thatpumps I5 and M are running, that the parts arer-in the positions indicated in Fig. 3; that a piece of work has been fastened to slide 4 and that a surface broaching toolis fastened to slide 9, the machine will operate as follows: i

When push button 89 is pressed, solenoid 6 will be energized and shift valve 41 tothe position shown in Fig. .4 in which position cylinder 34 is open to'drain channel55 so that the gear pump liquid can cause piston 39to shift slide block 22 toward the left, thereby causing pump I5 todischarge into channel 23.

Sequence valve 88 will initially prevent liquid from fiowingto the upper end of cylinder I3. Therefore, the entire volume of liquid discharged by pump I5 will flow through channel 23 to the head end of cylinder G'and cause piston 1 to n ove'slide 4 toward the: left until it stallsagainst astop (not shown) at which time the work on The liquid expelled from cylinder 6 by piston I will flow through channel 24 to pump I which will draw enough liquid from reservoir I6 through valves and 26 to make up for the displacement of rod 8. v 1 l The stalling of slide 4 causes pump pressure to rise until it is exerting suflicient force upon the end of the valve member 96 of sequence valve unit 88' to force it away from valve seat 95 against the resistance of spring 99.

Valve member 96 will at first throttle the flow of liquid from channel I05 to channel I06 and therebyenable motor 6-4 to hold work slide 4 firmly in position but; if no means were provided a for fully opening sequence valve 88 after the tool engaged the work, valve-member 96 would continue to throttle the vflow and thereby cause powerto be wasted and the .motive liquid to become heated.

However, as soon' as the tool engages the work, pressure will rise in counterbore SI and then liquid will flow through groove 91 and cause piston 98 to fully retractvalve member 95, thereby preventing any loss of power or heating of the motive liquid due to throttling. v

The liquid from pump I5 will then flow freely to the upper end of cylinder I3 and cause piston I2 to move slide 9 downward, thereby causing the tool carried by slide'9 to operate upon the work carried by slide4. u

The liquid ejected by piston I2 from the lower end of cylinder I3 flows through the upper section of channel H0, resistance valve II5, the lower section of channel IIIl, check valve II I and channels II2, I09 and 24 to pump I5 which draws enoughliquid from reservoir I6 through valves 25 and 26 to make up for the displacement of rod III When slide II reaches the end of its down stroke, cam 84 will operate limit switch" which fdeenergizes solenoid 65 and energizes solenoid 54-. Solenoid will shift valve 41 to the position shown in Fig. 5 so that gear pump liquid can cause-piston 33 to shift slide block 22 toward the right, thereby causing pump I5 to discharge into channel 24.. i

Sequence valve 88 will initially prevent liquid 'from flowing to the lower end of cylinder I3. Therefore, the entire volume of liquid discharged by pump I5 will flow through channel 24 to the rod end of cylinder 6 and cause piston I to move slide 4 toward the right until piston I stalls against the end of cylinder 6 at which time the work on slide 4 is out of the path of the tool.

The liquid expelled from cylinder 6 by piston I will flow through channel 23 to pump I5. A part of this liquid will flow through the passages in pintle 2I and fill the pump cylinders, and the remainder of this liquid will be exhausted through valves 25 and 21 into reservoir l6.

- The stalling of piston 1 causes pump pressure to rise until it is exerting suflicient force upon the end of valve memberllli to force it away from its valve seat against the resistance of spring 99*.

Due to the weight of slide 9, pressure rises in channel IIO'and oounterbore 9| and liquid will flow through groove 91 and cause piston 98 to fully retract valve member 96 so that it cannot throttle the flow of liquid from channel I09 to channel IIII. Liquid from pump I5 will then flow freely to the lower end of cylinder I3 and cause piston I2 to move slide 9 upward.

The liquid ejected by piston I2 from the upper slide 4 is in position to be broached by the tool on slide 9.

end of cylinder I3 flows through channel I06, check valve'IDl, and channels I08, I05 and 23 to pump I 5. A part of this liquid will flow through the passages in pintle 2I and fill the pump cylinders, and the remainder of this liquid will be exhausted through valves 25 and 21 into reservoir l6.

When slide 9 reaches the end of its up stroke, cam 83 will operate limit switch I6 which will deenergize solenoid 64 and then spring 60 will shift valve 41 to its neutral position, thereby causing pump displacement to be reduced to zero and the machine brought to rest. 2

The invention herein set forth is susceptible of various modifications without departing from the scope thereof as hereafter claimed.

The invention is hereby claimed as follows:

1. In a machine having two reciprocable carriages, the combination of a pump, two hydraulic motors mechanically connected to said carriages to operate the same and hydraulically connected to said pump in parallel with each other, means for controlling the delivery of' liquid from said pump to said motors to thereby control the operation of said motors, means for causing said motors to operate in sequence including a normally closed pressure responsive valve connected between said pump and the second of said motors for preventing liquid from flowing from said pump to'the second of said motors until the first of said motors has been operated by said liquid and is exerting suflicient force to cause the pressure of said liquid to:reach a value great enough to open said valve and means operated by liquid passed through said valve for causing said valve to open wide enough to prevent any drop in pressure thereacross.

2. In a machine having two reciprocable carriages, the combination of a first reciprocating hydraulic motor connected to the first of said carriages for reciprocating the same, a pump, means including fluid channels connecting said pump to opposite ends of said motor and forming therewith a hydraulic circuit, a second reciprocating hydraulic motor connected to the second of said carriages for reciprocating the same, means connecting one end of said second motor to one side of said circuit, means connecting the other end of said second motor to the other side of said circuit including a normally closed pressure responsive valve for preventing liquid from flowing to said second motor until said first motor has been operated and is exerting suflicient force to cause the pressure of said liquid to reach a valuegreat enough to open said valve, and means operable by fluid passed through said valve for fully opening said valve to thereby prevent said valve from throttling the flow of liquid to said second motor. I

3. In a machine having two reciprocable carriages, the combination of a first reciprocating hydraulic motor connected to the first of said carriages for reciprocating the same,'a pump, means including fluid channels connecting said pump to opposite ends of said motor and forming therewith a hydraulic circuitfmeans for retween each end of said second motor and said circuit for preventing liquid from flowing from said circuit to said second motor until said first .fromsaid pump into one side of said circuit to motor has been operated, said valve being adapted to open'in response to the pressure in said thereby cause said'motors to advance said carfirst motor reaching a predetermined value, a'

servo-motor connected to each of said valves to fully open it after it has been partly opened by pressure,-each of said servomotors being ener- -giZed solely by liquid passing through the valve to which it is connected, and a check valve con- "nected in parallel with each of said sequence valves to permit liquid to' flow freely from said second motor to saidcircuit.

4. In a machine having two reciprocablecar- I ria'ges, the combination of a first .reciprocating f jhydraulic-mot'or connected to the. first of said 'carriages' for reciprocating the same, a pump,

means including fluid channels connecting said pump to opposite ends of said motor and formi ng therewith a-hydraulic circuit, a second reci p' I'rocating hydraulic motor connectedito thesecond of said"- carriages for reciprocating the .same,

motor reaching'a' predetermined value, a servomotor connected-"to each of said valves to fully open it after it"has been'partlyopened by "pressure, each of said servo-motors being energized solely by'liq'uid' passing through the valve to which-it'ls connected acheckvalve connected in parallel with .each offsaid sequence-Walves to riages in succession, means responsive to the second of said carriages reaching the end of its advance stroke for directing liquid from said pump into the other side of said circuit to thereby cause said motors to retract said carriages in succession, and means responsive to the second of said carriages reaching the end of its retraction stroke for interrupting the delivery of liquid from said pump to said circuit.

- 5. In a machine having two reciprocable carv riages, the combination of two hydraulic motors mechanically connected to said carriages to reciprocate the same, a pump for supplying liquid tosaid motors to energize the same, means includpermit. liquid to flow freely from said; second.

motor to said circuit means 'ior directing liquid j ing fiuid channels for connecting the first of said motors in series with said pump and forming therewith a hydraulic circuit, means for reversing the flow of liquid in said circuit, means for connecting the second of said motors to opposite sides of said circuit in parallel with said first motor including a normally closed pressure responsive valve connected between each side of said circuit and said second motor for preventing liquid from flowing from said circuit to said second motor until the first of said motors has been operated and is exerting sutfficient force to cause pump pressure to rise to a valuegreat enough to open said valve and thereby permit liquid to new to said second motor to operate the same, vand a servo-motor operated by liquid passed through said valve for'full'y opening said valve to prevent it from throtitIing the flow of ERNST H liquid therethrough. 

